The minimum age for stable production is greater than 8 years, and normally between 12 to 14 years. The weight of the fruit also varies greatly, ranging from 3 to 33 g, with the weight of the peduncle ranging from 20 to 500 g. The individual productive capacity of the common cashew tree varies greatly, with plants that produce from less than one to more than 100 kg of nuts per harvest. The common cashew tree is more widespread and much taller, with a height varying from 8 to 15 m and a crown span that can reach 20 m (Paiva et al., 2003). species, each defined by size and denominated as the common type and the dwarf type. In nature, two types of cashew trees exist classified as A. The greatest diversity can be found in the various ecosystems of northeastern Brazil, principally along the coastal zones, where it forms part of beach and dune vegetation and the restinga (Barros et al., 2002). This has led several authors to infer that the northeast of Brazil is the region of origin for the commercial species (Barros et al., 2002).Ĭurrently the cashew plant is dispersed over an extensive intertropical zone within parallels 27ºN, in the southeast Florida, and 28ºS, in South Africa (Vieira et al., 2005). Even though the Amazon and the Cerrados of central Brazil are centers of dispersion for the Anacardium genus (Mitchel and Mori 1987), the greatest diversity of the species with economical potential exists in the northeast of Brazil. In the literature, however, there is no clear distinction between the natural and cultivated dispersion of the plant. The discussion of cashew's origin involves circumstantial evidence, such as that based on the oldest bibliographic references, geographic distribution, ecological behavior, variation patterns of the species, and human usage, among others. This family is characterized by resinous conduits in the cortex and wood, where resin is produced, although exudation also occurs from the leaves, flowers and fruits. The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale), belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, which is composed of some 60 to 74 genera and 400 to 600 species. Palavras-chave: Anacardium occidentale, desenvolvimento, estresse hídrico, estresse salino
Os resultados apresentados foram obtidos em experimentos com plantas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento e sob diferentes condições de solo e clima, de modo que essa complexidade é também discutida no texto. Nesta revisão, são apresentadas informações científicas sobre a ecofisiologia do cajueiro, dando ênfase aos efeitos dos estresses hídrico e salino sobre os processos de desenvolvimento, nutrição mineral e trocas gasosas. Apesar de sua importância, poucos são os estudos visando à compreensão dos efeitos dos fatores abióticos sobre o desenvolvimento e a produtividade dessa cultura. O cajueiro ( Anacardium occidentale L.) é uma cultura de grande importância para a agricultura de regiões semi-áridas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico de diversas regiões do mundo, incluindo a região nordeste do Brasil. Key words: Anacardium occidentale, development, salt stress, water deficit The ecophysiological significance of this information is also discussed. The results presented here were obtained at different plant growth stages and under different environmental conditions of soil and climate. This review covers the research on cashew ecophysiology, with emphasis on the effects of water and salt stress on its development, mineral nutrition and gas exchange processes. In spite of its importance, very few studies aim to understand the effects of abiotic stresses on the development and yield of the cashew. The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important crop for semi-arid agriculture and contributes to the social and economical development of several world regions, including the northeast of Brazil. IIIDepartamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil IIDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil de Lacerda II Enéas Gomes Filho III Carlos E. Physiology of cashew plants grown under adverse conditionsįisiologia do cajueiro cultivado sob condições adversasĬorresponding Claudivan F.
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